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trichorrhexis invaginata
Trichorrhexis invaginata (also known as "Bamboo hair" 〔) is a distinctive hair shaft abnormality that may occur sporadically, either in normal hair or with other hair shaft abnormalities, or regularly as a marker for Netherton's syndrome.〔Freedberg, et al. (2003). ''Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine''. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.〕〔James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.〕 The primary defect appears to be abnormal keratinization of the hair shaft in the keratogenous zone, allowing for intussusception of the fully keratinized and hard distal shaft into the incompletely keratinized and soft proximal portion of the shaft.〔
== History ==
In 1937, Touraine and Solente first noted the association between hair-shaft defects (bamboo node) and ichthyosiform erythroderma. Còme first coined the term ichthyosis linearis circumflexa in 1949, although Rille had previously recorded the distinctive features of ichthyosis linearis circumflexa by 1922.〔Ali M, Marks R, Young E, et al. Netherton's syndrome. A familial occurrence. Br J Dermatol. 1998.〕 In 1958, Netherton described a young girl with generalized scaly dermatitis and fragile nodular hair-shaft deformities, which he termed trichorrhexis nodosa. Later, this was more appropriately renamed as trichorrhexis invaginata (bamboo hair) for a ball-and-socket–type hair-shaft deformity at the suggestion of Wilkinson et al.〔http://reference.medscape.com/medline/abstract/13582191〕〔Fruhwald R. Zur frage der comelschen krankheit. Dermatol Wochenschr. 1949;150:289.〕
In 1974, Mevorah et al established the clinical relationship between ichthyosis linearis circumflexa and Netherton syndrome, and an atopic diathesis was found to occur in approximately 75% of patients with Netherton syndrome.〔Mevorah B, Frenk E, Brooke EM. Ichthyosis linearis circumflexa comel. A clinico-statistical approach to its relationship with Netherton's syndrome. ''Dermatologica''. 1974.〕
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